Sigmund Freud sin psykoanalyse er en mye brukt modell for å forklare vår personlighet og atferd. Teorien vektlegger betydningen av det ubevisste sjelsliv og erfaringer i barndommen for utviklingen av og funksjonen til menneskets psykiske liv.
I fenomenologien er det ikke våre indre drivkrefter (psykoanalysen) eller ytre drivkrefter (sosial læring teori) som styrer vår atferd og danner vår personlighet, men vårt selvbilde.
Sosial læringsteori er på mange måter motsvaret til psykoanalysen. Mens psykoanalysen påstår at indre drivkrefter bestemmer vår atferd, mener de sosial læringsteori at det er omgivelsene som styrer den.
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