Optimisme må ses i lys av pessimisme. Optimister er individer som forventer at positive ting vil skje, mens pessimister forventer det motsatte, altså at negative ting vil skje
Hvor mange ville f.eks. stille opp hvis bare 3-4 av spillerene visste hva målet egentlig var, eller hvor resultatet ble kjent en uke eller to etter kampen, og hvor regler og begrensinger ble bestemt av noen få personer?
Å være leder i en moderne organisasjon betyr at man har tatt på seg hovedansvaret for at nødvendig omstilling og tilpassing finner sted slik at organisasjonen ikke havner i disharmoni med markedet.
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